William Glackens, aproximadamente 1915. |
William James Glackens (13 de marzo de 1870 - 22 de mayo de 1938) fue un pintor realista estadounidense.
Glackens estudió en la Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts y luego se mudó a la ciudad de Nueva York, donde fue uno de los fundadores de lo que se conocería como el movimiento artístico de la Escuela Ashcan. Este grupo de artistas, llamados por la prensa "los Ocho Pintores Independientes" o Los Ocho, tenían la particularidad de exhibir sus obras sin hacerlas examinar previamente por el jurado de la institución artística existente. Fue principalmente reconocido por sus pinturas oscuras sobre escenas callejeras y sobre la vida cotidiana de los vecindarios de la ciudad. Sus últimas obras tuvieron un tono más brillante, y demostraron la influencia de Renoir. Durante gran parte de su carrera como pintor, Grackens trabajó como ilustrador para varios periódicos y revistas de Filadelfia y de Nueva York.
Estilo y temáticas
William Glackens by Robert Henri 1904 oil on canvas 198.1 x 96.5 cm. |
El estilo y las temáticas de Glackens cambiaron a lo largo de su vida. Influenciado por las obras impresionistas que había visto durante su estadía en Europa, en sus primeras obras utiliza "colores oscuros aplicados vigorosamente sobre el lienzo con brocha". Imitó las escenas de la vida urbana de París y sus suburbios. Continuó con este estilo y temática durante algún tiempo, hasta que empezó a distanciarse de Los Ocho. En este punto sus temáticas más comunes pasaron a ser los paisajes, especialmente las escenas de playa. Más tarde Glackens comenzó a ser reconocido por sus retratos, y posteriormente por sus bodegones. Pese a las cambiantes temáticas, sus obras siempre enfatuzaron la realidad y la felicidad de la vida. "Buscaba la belleza y la encontraba donde los ojos comunes veían fealdad". Watson declaró que Glackens usaba colores porque "el color del mundo lo hace feliz, y expresar esa felicidad en colores se ha convertido en su impulso principal y más natural". Pintaba porque quería mostrar la belleza del mundo. Sus obras están "invadidas por el espectro de la felicidad, obsesionadas con la contemplación de la dicha".
Se suele criticar a Glackens por el parecido de sus obras a las de Renoir. Algunos incluso han afirmado que era un imitador. Después de la Exhibición de Artistas Independientes de 1910, el cambio en el estilo de Glackens se comparó instantáneamente con el de Renoir. Se dijo que durante las décadas de 1920 y 1930 "su personalidad artística, en otros tiempos vigorosa, se ha convertido en una imitación demasiado exacta del estilo de las últimas obras de Renoir". El interés de Glackens por el color lo une aún más a Renoir; Watson dijo que Glackens tenía "una rica paleta similar a la de Renoir para expresar su dicha pura por el color".
También se lo ha comparado con Pascin porque ambos se encontraron "entre los mejores ilustradores de su época". Ambos usaban la vida como temáticas, y también cuidaban que los retratos mostrasen su manera de ver al mundo. Pero una fuerte similitud es la forma en que ambos lograron ver y resaltar los "aspectos humorísticos" de la vida.
1893 - Philadelphia Landscape, oil on canvas, 45.1 x 61 cm. |
c. 1893/95 - Autumn Landscape, oil on canvas, 63.5 x 76.2 cm. |
1894 - Lippincott's Poster, lithograph, 44.5 x 31.8 cm. |
c. 1894 - Girl with White Shawl Collar, oil on canvas, 81.3 x 64.8 cm. |
1895 - Figures in a Park, Paris; 64 x 81 cm. |
1895 - La Villette, oil on canvas, 63.5 x 76.2 cm. |
1895/06 - The Country Fair, oil on canvas, 66 x 82 cm. |
1895/96 - On the Quai, oil on canvas, 60.6 x 81.3 cm. |
1895/96 - Quatorze Juillet, oil on canvas, 64.1 x 76.8 cm. |
c. 1895 - Bal Bullier, oil on canvas, 60.6 x 81.3 cm. |
c. 1895 - Factory Scene, oil on canvas, 45.7 x 61 cm. |
c. 1895 - Outdoor Theater, Paris; oil on canvas, 65.4 x 80.6 cm. |
c. 1895 - Sailboats, Luxembourg Gardens; 65.4 x 81.3 cm. |
c. 1895 Sailing Boats, Paris; oil on canvas, 65.4 x 81.3 cm. |
c. 1896 - In the Luxembourg, oil on canvas, 40.6 x 48.3 cm. |
1897 - Girl in a Black Cape, oil on canvas, 81.3 x 64.8 cm. |
1897 - Outside the Guttenberg Race Track, oil on canvas, 64.8 x 81.3 cm. |
1898 - El Pozo, Spanish American War; pen & ink wash on paper. |
1898 - Loading Horses at Port Tampa, Spanish American War; pen & ink wash on paper. |
1898 - The Night after San Juan; watercolour, pen & ink on paper; 40.6 x 33 cm. |
1898 - Fruit Stand, Coney Island; oil on canvas, 64.8 x 78.7 cm. |
1900 - A Young Doctor, Especially during the Growth of His First Beard, Is Invariably a Music Lover; gouache on paper; 21.6 x 29.2 cm. |
c. 1900 - Shop Girls, pastel & watercolour on illustration board, 34.6 x 36.5 cm. |
c. 1901 - Hammerstein's Roof Garden, oil on canvas, 76.2 x 63.5 cm. |
1902 - Dancer in Pink Dress, oil on canvas, 102.8 x 61 cm. |
1902 - East River from Brooklyn, oil on canvas, 63.8 x 76.2 cm. |
1902/04 Battery Park, oil on canvas, 66 x 81.3 cm. |
c. 1902 - Park on the River, oil on canvas, 65.7 x 81.3 cm |
1903 - Cap Noir, Saint Pierre; oil on canvas, 63.5 x 76.2 cm. |
1903 - Graft, pastel on paper, 25.4 x 20.3 cm. |
1903 - He piles himself on Gothecore's back then he crooks his right arm about Gothecore's neck-the regular garotte hug; pen, brush, & ink, 28.6 x 27.2 cm. |
1903 - Portrait of Charles FitzGerald, oil on canvas, 190.5 x 101.6 cm. |
1903 - Seated Actress with Mirror, oil on canvas. |
1903 - Theater Scene, oil on canvas, 32.4 x 39.4 cm. |
1903/04 - A Headache in Every Glass, charcoal & gouache on paper, 33.7 x 49.5 cm. |
c. 1903 - The Ermine Muff, oil on canvas, 36.2 x 44.13 cm. |
Before 1904 - Here Is Our Music, and I Imagine It Will Be First-Class; etching, 9.8 x 14 cm. |
Before 1904 - Monsieur and Madame Mollet, etching, 13.3 x 10.2 cm. |
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1904 - Yes, Good Mamma, Yes - I'm Going to Lock up Your Silver Spoon; etching, 13.3 x 9.5 cm. |
Before 1904 - Nothing Was Heard but the Clatter of Plates and Forks, etching, 9.5 x14 cm. |
Before 1904 - You Like It, Drink It, etching, 13.2 x 12.1 cm. |
1904/05 - Tugboat and Lighter; oil on canvas, 63.5 x 76.2 cm. |
1905 - Chez Mouquin, oil on canvas, 122.6 x 92.1 cm. |
1905 - The Drive, Central Park; oil on canvas, 65.4 x 81.3 cm. |
1905/10 - Scene on the Lower East Side pastel on paper 41.9 x 27.9 cm |
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1905/10 - Figure Sketches, chalk on papeer, 38.1 x 57.8 cm. |
1905/10 Two Women Walking, chalk on brown paper, 20.7 x 13.1 cm. |
c. 1905 - Central Park in Winter, oil on canvas, 63.5 x 76.2 cm. |
c. 1905 - Dancer in Blue, oil on canvas, 121.9 x 76.2 cm. |
c. 1905 - May Day, Central Park; oil on canvas, 63.8 x 76.8 cm. |
1906 - Château-Thierry, oil on canvas, 61 x 81.3 cm. |
1906 - Flying Kites, Montmartre (study); oil on panel, 15.2 x 20.3 cm. |
1906 - Flying Kites, Montmartre; oil on canvas, 66 x 87 cm. |
1906 - In the Buen Retiro, oil on canvas, 64.8 x 76.2 cm. |
1906 - In the Luxembourg Gardens, oil on canvas, 60.3 x 81.3 cm. |
1906 - Roller Skating Rink, oil on canvas, 63.5 x 80 cm. |
c. 1906 - Café de la Paix, oil on canvas, 38.1 x 46.4 cm. |
1907 - Afternoon at Coney Island, watercolour, 36.8 x 47.3 cm. |
1907 - Ira on a Rocket, pencil & watercolour on board, 30.5 x 20.3 cm. |
1907 - Patriots in the Making, charcoal & watercolour on paper, 81.3 x 63.8 cm. |
1907 - The Shoppers, oil on canvas, 152.4 x 152.4 cm. |
1907 - View of West Hartford, oil on canvas, 67.6 x 81.4 cm. |
1907/10 Curb Exchange No. 3, conté crayon & gouache on paper, 67.3 x 45.7 cm. |
1908 - Cape Code Pier, oil on canvas, 66 x 81.3 cm. |
c. 1908 - Washington Square Park, oil on canvas, 35.6 x 47 cm. |
c. 1908 - Wickford Low Tide, oil on canvas, 63.5 x 76.2 cm. |
1909 - New Castle, New Hampshire; oil on canvas, 63.5 x 76.2 cm. |
1909 - Nude with Hat, oil on canvas, 76.2 x 63.5 cm. |
1909 - Portsmouth Harbor, New Hampshire; oil on canvas, 63.5 x 76.2 cm. |
1909 - Rock in the Bay, Wickford; oil on canvas, 66 x 81.3 cm. |
1909 . Summer Hotel, oil on canvas, 66 x 78.7 cm. |
1909 - Treading Calms, Wickford; oil on canvas, 64.1 x 76.2 cm. |
1909/10 - Nude with Apple, oil on canvas, 103 x 146 cm. |
1910 - Coney Island; charcoal, gouache & watercolour on paper; 22.9 x 35.6 cm. |
1910 - Ernest Lawson, oil on canvas, 76.2 x 63.5 cm. |
1910 - The Bathing Hour, Chester, Nova Scotia; oil on canvas, 66 x 81.3 cm |
1910 - The Green Car, oil on canvas, 61 x 81.3 cm. |
1910 - Twenty-Three Fifth Avenue, Interior; oil on canvas, 49.5 x 61 cm. |
1910/11 - Family Group, 182.9 x 213.4 cm. |
c. 1910 - At the Beach, Bellport; oil on canvas. 45.7 x 61 cm- |
c. 1910 - Breezy Day, Tugboats, New York Harbor; oil on canvas, 66 x 80.6 cm. |
c. 1910 - City Scene, pastel, 31 x 46 cm. |
c. 1910 - Descending from the Bus, oil on canvas, 63.5 x 76.2 cm. |
c. 1910 - Merry Christmas [Yuletide Revels]; graphite, conté crayon & watercolour on board, 61.9 x 47 cm. |
c. 1910 - Nude on a Red Sofa, oil on canvas, 38.2 x 30.5 cm. |
c. 1910 - Skating in Central Park, oil on canvas, 63.5 x 25.3 cm. |
c. 1910 - Washington Square, Winter; oil on canvas, 63.5 x 76.2 cm. |
1911 - For the Championship of the Backlot League, ink on paper, 61 x 45.7 cm. |
1911 - Bathing at Bellport, Long Island; oil on canvas, 66 x 81.3 cm. |
1911 - Far from the Fresh Farm Air, pencil & watercolour on paper, 64.8 x 43.2 cm. |
1911 - Mahone Bay, oil on canvas, 66.7 x 80.6 cm. |
1911 - The Artist's Wife and Son, oil on canvas, 91.4 x 121.9 cm. |
1911/12 - Washington Square, oil on canvas, 63.5 x 76.2 cm. |
1911/16 Bellport, Long Island; oil on canvas, 45.7 x 61 cm. |
c. 1911 - Girl with Green Apples, oil on canvas, 81.9 x 66 cm. |
1912 - Christmas Shoppers, Madison Square; crayon & watercolour on paper, 44.4 x 78.7 cm. |
1912 - March Day - Washington Square, oil on canvas, 63.5 x 76.2 cm. |
1912 - Parade, Washington Square; oil on canvas, 66 x 78.7 cm. |
1912 - Sledding, Central Park; oil on canvas, 58.4 x 80 cm. |
1912/14 - Girl Roller-Skating, Washington Square; oil on canvas, 61 x 45.7 cm. |
c .1912 - Bathers at Bellport, oil on canvas, 63.5 x 72.2 cm. |
c. 1912 - Italo-American Celebration, Washington Square; oil on canvas. 66 x 81 cm. |
c. 1912 - Winter, Washington Square Park; oil on canvas, 45.7 x 61 cm. |
1913 - After Bathing, Vacation Home; oil on cardboard, 66 x 81.3 cm. |
1913 - Bathers, Bellport, No. 1; oil on canvas, 66 x 81.3 cm. |
1913 - Beach Side, oil on canvas, 66.7 x 81.9 cm. |
1913 - The Swing, oil on canvas, 66 x 81.3 cm. |
1914 - Café Lafayette (Portrait of Kay Laurel), oil on canvas, 80.6 x 66 cm. |
1914 - Lenna at One Year, oil on canvas, 38.1 x 30.5 cm. |
1914 - Mother and Baby, Washington Square; oil on canvas, 36.2 x 44.4 cm. |
c. 1914 - From Under Willows, oil on canvas, 64.1 x 79.4 cm. |
1915 - Standing Girl in White Spats, oil on canvas, 74.9 x 44.4 cm. |
1915 - Young Woman in Green. Retrato de la modelo y actriz Kay Laurell. |
1915/18 - A Stroll in the Park, oil on canvas, 61 x 45.7 cm. |
c. 1915 Julia's Sister, oil on canvas, 81.6 x 66.4 cm. |
c. 1915 - Mother and Child in Park, oil on panel, 46 x 59 cm. |
c. 1915 - Pears and Oranges in a Bowl, oil on canvas, 25.4 x 33 cm. |
c. 1915 - Poppies, Lilies and Blue Flowers; oil on canvas, 45.7 x 38.1 cm. |
1916 - Beach Umbrellas at Blue Point, oil on canvas, 66 x 81.3 cm. |
1916 - North Beach Swimming Pool, oil on canvas, 73.7 x 85.1 cm. |
c. 1916 - Buddha and the Maidens, a Decoration; oil on canvas, 121.9 x 76.2 cm. |
1917 - At the Beach, oil on canvas, 46 x 61.1 cm. |
1917 - Irene's Garden, oil on canvas, 46 x 61 cm. |
c. 1917 - The Conservatory, oil on canvas, 45.7 x 61 cm. |
1918 - Beach Scene, New London; oil on canvas, 66 x 81 cm. |
1918 - Garden at Hartford, oil on canvas. |
1918 - Lenna Painting, 61 x 45.7 cm. |
1918 - The Artist's Daughter in Chinese Costume, oil on canvas, 121.9 x 76.2 cm. |
c. 1918 Lenna Painting, oil on canvas, 31.7 x 39.4 cm. |
c. 1918 - Music Hall Turn (study), oil on canvas, 33 x 40.6 cm. |
1919 - East Point, Gloucester; 50.8 x 64.8 cm. |
1919 - The Bandstand, oil on canvas, 63.5 x 76.2 cm. |
c. 1919 - Home in New Hampshire, oil on canvas, 55.9 x 81.3 cm. |
c. 1919 - The Hammock, oil on canvas, 31.1 x 39.4 cm. |
1920 - Roses and Persimmons, oil on artist's board, 33 x 40.6 cm. |
1920 - Sheet of Studies, crayon on paper, 43.5 x 55 cm. |
1920 - The Artist's Wife Knitting, oil on canvas, 61 x 76.2 cm. |
c. 1920 - Flowers Against a Palm Leaf Pattern, oil on canvas, 41.9 x 33.7 cm. |
c. 1920 - Lake Bathers, oil on canvas, 30.5 x 39.4 cm. |
c. 1920 - Lenna Resting, oil on canvas, 66 x 81.3 cm. |
c. 1920 - The Breakfast Porch, oil on canvas, 50.8 x 61 cm. |
1922 - Lenna with Rabbit Hound, oil on canvas, 66 x 81.3 cm. |
c. 1922 - Carl Schurz Park, New York; oil on canvas, 45.7 x 61.1 cm. |
1923 - Ira and Lenna's Egyptian Burial Ground, oil on canvas, 33 x 40.6 cm. |
1923 - The Dream Ride, oil on canvas, 121.9 x 137.2 cm. |
c. 1923 - Lenna as Toy Soldier, oil on canvas, 64.1 x 32.4 cm. |
After 1924 - Nude in Green Chair, oil on canvas. |
c. 1924 - Still Life with Roses and Fruit, oil on canvas, 49.8 x 60.8 cm. |
1925 - Along the Marne, oil on board, 31.7 x 39.4 cm. |
1925 - Breakfast Porch, oil on canvas, 76.2 x 63.5 cm. |
1925 - Flowers on a Garden Chair, oil on canvas, 50.8 x 38.1 cm. |
1925 - Nude Pulling on Stocking, oil on canvas, 81 x 66 cm. |
1925/26 - Town of Venice, oil on board, 31.7 x 40.6 cm. |
1925/30 - Le Baou Des Blancs, oil on canvas, 66 x 81 cm. |
1926 - Bal Martinique (study), oil on canvas, 49.53 x 60.9 cm. |
1926 - L'Apertif, oil on canvas, 45.7 x 37.6 cm. |
1927 - The Promenade, oil on canvas, 81.3 x 65.4 cm. |
1929 - Beach, St. Jean de Luz; oil on canvas, 60.3 x 81.3 cm. |
1930 - Bowlers, La Ciotat; oil on canvas, 63.5 x 76.2 cm. |
1930 - Flowers in a Quimper Pitcher, oil on canvas, 61 x 45.7 cm. |
Before 1930 - Beach Scene, oil on linen, 45.8 x 61.1 cm. |
1930 - St Jean, oil on canvas, 51 x 74 cm. |
c. 1930/38 - Back of Nude, oil on canvas, 76.2 x 63.5 cm. |
c. 1930/39 - Fruit and a White Rose, oil on board, 33 x 40.6 cm. |
1932 - Fête de Suquet, oil on canvas, 65.4 x 81.3 cm. |
c. 1932 - A Midi Landscape, oil on canvas, 66 x 81 cm. |
1934 - Baie St. Paul, Quebec No. 2; oil on canvas, 31.7 x 39.4 cm. |
1935 - The Soda Fountain, oil on canvas, 121.9 x 91.4 cm. |
1936 - Rockport, Massachusetts, No. 5; oil on board, 28.6 x 49.3 cm. |
1937 - White Rose and Other Flowers, oil on canvas, 38.1 x 50.8 cm. |
Sin datar
Bath Houses, watercolour & gouache, 16 x 29 cm. |
Foothills of the White Mountains, oil on canvas board, 30.5 x 40.6 cm. |
Fort George Hill, crayon & gouache, 44 x 56 cm. |
Four Fruits, oil on panel, 25 x 31 cm. |
Girl Sewing, crayon on paper, 20.96 x 12.54 cm. |
Along the Marne, oil on board, 31.7 x 39.4 cm. |
Woman in Red Jacket, oil on canvas, 61.6 x 46.4 cm. |
Matilde.